RYSMUKHAMBETOVA ANAR; DR. ARSHAD ISLAM. TRACES OF THE QALAM ON THE WINDS OF THE QAZAQ STEPPE: ISLAMIC TRADITION AND WRITTEN MEMORY IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Hamdard Islamicus, [S. l.], v. 49, n. 2, 2026. DOI: 10.57144/hi.v49i2.1643. Disponível em: http://www.hamdardislamicus.com.pk/index.php/hi/article/view/1643. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2026.