P.S. SYED MASOOD JAMALI, and KHALID WAHEED. “Mu‘tazilah, the First Rationalist School of Thought in Islamic History: Critical Study of Its Ideology and Approach”. Hamdard Islamicus 43, no. 4 (February 16, 2021). Accessed January 31, 2026. https://www.hamdardislamicus.com.pk/index.php/hi/article/view/63.