Hamdard Islamicus

Editorial

Editor — 2026-03-30

Editorial

Editor — 2026-03-30

Table of Contents

THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONFLICT AND POLITICAL DIALOGUE IN THE HOLY QUR’AN: THE MOSES (A.S.)–PHARAOH NARRATIVE IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE

Ali Al-Shboul — 2026-03-30

This study aims to investigate the dialogue between the Prophet Moses (A.S.) and Pharaoh in the Holy Qur’an. To do so, the researcher studied the verses that talked about the story of Moses (A.S.) and Pharaoh. The study tried to shed light on the methods and techniques that Moses (A.S.) used to talk with Pharaoh and the mechanisms that Pharaoh used to resist and oppose Moses (A.S.). This type of Quranic dialogue shows the capability that religious discourse can have to encounter and challenge dictators and tyrants and to dig and promote concepts of social justice and human integrity. The study shows that peaceful methods of religious discourse and dialogue can be used to interact with politics to achieve the goal of changing the status quo. The dialogue between the Prophet Moses (A.S.) and Pharaoh can be a good example to be followed by those who seek change in the political situations and seek to mobilize people against the unjust rulers. The study suggests including this dialogue and other ones in educational curricula and in the literature of the movements who seek to make change in the regimes and in the society because good words can capture minds. It also suggests studying other types of dialogue in the Holy Qur’an and also to have comparative studies in other religious books.

DOES LITERACY MODERATE THE IMPACT OF TRUST AND RELIGIOSITY ON INTEREST IN PAYING ZAKĀH?

Salim Al Idrus — 2026-03-30

BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakāh Nasional) is a government-established institution responsible for executing national tasks related to planning, implementing, and coordinating Zakāh collection, distribution, and utilization. The Zakāh funds gathered are intended to support community welfare. However, the low volume of Zakāh collected leads to uneven distribution, largely because many prefer to distribute Zakāh directly rather than through BAZNAS. Researchers have been motivated to explore the contribution of trust and religiosity on individuals' interest in paying Zakāh to BAZNAS. The study seeks to evaluate the impact of trust and religiosity on public interest in Zakāh payments, with Zakāh literacy as a moderating variable. A quantitative method, particularly explanatory research, was employed to test the hypotheses. Data were gathered through questionnaires from 157 urban respondents in Sampang Regency and analyzed using the SmartPLS tool. Findings revealed that trust does not directly impact interest in paying Zakāh, while religiosity has a significant positive impact. Additionally, Zakāh literacy moderates the relationships by diminishing the impact of trust and enhancing the contribution of religiosity on interest in paying Zakāh.

COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS AND MINORITY RESILIENCE AMONG MUSLIMS IN KERALA

MOHAMED JABIR ALI AL-HUDAWI — 2026-03-30

This article investigates diverse institutions developed by Muslims in Kerala to preserve their Islamic identity within a pluralistic society. Kerala’s historical experience of peaceful coexistence while preserving religiosity offers a contrasting model to the contemporary formulations of fiqh al-aqalliyyāt that advocate legal innovation to address the challenges of Muslim minorities living under non-Muslim polities. Muslims in Kerala have maintained strong religiosity and communal cohesion for over a millennium without departing from the classical Islamic legal framework. This study primarily relies on secondary literature, supplemented by limited site visits and field observations. It argues that Muslim survival in Kerala depended less on legal reinterpretation and more on the vitality of local institutions and community-driven strategies. It identifies the MaÍal system of self-governance, the Qāḍī institution, religious educational networks, scholarly associations and community leadership as central to this institutional framework which together sustain religious continuity, socio-economic stability, and peaceful coexistence in a minority context. The findings demonstrate the continued relevance of community-based institutional frameworks in safeguarding Muslim minorities from legal and moral pressures of non-Muslim societies. It calls for further ethnographic research on how such institutions function in a minority setting that can offer alternative strategies for emerging Muslim communities in the West and North America.

SAFEGUARDING WAQF ASSETS IN INDIA: ANALYSING THE WAQF ACT OF 1995 AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WAQF AMENDMENT BILL 2024

AADIL HUSSAIN WAGAY — 2026-03-30

The governance of waqf assets in India has encountered several challenges, despite the fact that waqf properties have a great deal of potential to improve the social standing of India’s underprivileged. Using official sources such as the Sachar Committee Report (SCR) and the Waqf Assets Management System of India (WAMSI), the current study focuses on the significant number of waqf properties in India in addition to their economic valuation. The study also looks at the Waqf Act of 1995, evaluating how well it addresses the challenges that waqf institutions face. Additionally, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the recently proposed Waqf Amendment Bill 2024, emphasising that its provisions are harmful to India’s waqf properties. According to the study, the Bill is likely to increase encroachments, allow the state to meddle in Muslim religious matters, violate constitutional rights under Articles 25–28, weaken waqf autonomy and make it easier for the government to control properties owned by evacuees. In order to improve the governance and management of waqf properties and make sure that they are sustained as per the charitable intentions, socio-economic and development objectives, the study culminates with strategic recommendations.

ALIGNING AI WITH ISLAMIC VALUES: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ETHICAL HORIZONS

FUADY ABDULLAH — 2026-03-30

This study examines the systematic integration of Islamic ethical principles into the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI). The primary research inquiries focus on the frameworks proposed to bridge the divide between normative theory and practical design, also the extent to which contemporary scholarship examines the congruence of AI with Islamic ethics. The review underscores several critical issues, including the restricted scope of contemporary research and the discord between universal ethical principles and their implementation in Muslim society. A stringent keyword strategy was employed to extract data from the Scopus database, resulting in 104 relevant publications from 2016 to 2025. A mixed-methods approach was employed: qualitative content analysis of ethical discussions and theoretical frameworks, whereas bibliometric techniques, such as citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrence mapping, quantitatively elucidated research trends, significant sources, and collaborative networks. The findings identify three main directions: the design of AI frameworks based on Islamic ethics, investigation of challenges and opportunities of AI use, and understanding wider implications for human values inclusive for AI. The study illustrates that incorporating Islamic values in AI design is important to build technologies reflecting cultural context of use, social acceptability and moral justifiability, thereby helping to promote responsible and ethical AI development.